The jack static strength prediction calculates the moments and the lumbar static compression of the intradiscal (L5/S1), it also estimates the muscular force necessary to lift or carry loads, based on the Chaffin equation. Hence, the aim of this paper is to compare the stress to the lower back when cutting bunches with the conventional tool and a new cutting tool proposed using a biomechanical analysis simulated in JACK Siemens. This is due to the length of the handle on which the load (the blade) is placed, as well as the way this has to be maneuvered to cut down the bunches. Accordingly, the use of motorized tools has been proposed in order to reduce task duration, however, these machines follow the same formal principle which causes an increase in the momentum that workers’ bodies have to deal with.
Advances have been made in this field, but have prioritized enhancing productivity over the health of the user. The tool varies depending on the shape of the knife blade, the Malaysian knife is a sickle used for palm over 4 m in height and the Malaysian pole is a chisel used for palm of less than 4 m tall. Harvesting and pruning are carried out using two types of tools both of which constitute a long handle attached to a blade.
These circumstances force workers to adopt inappropriate postures and to make repetitive movements with their upper and lower limbs over the course of their work activities and in most of these cases this postural behavior causes pain in the lower back and neck, as well as in upper and lower limbs. Most of these factors result from the palm’s physical form features such as its height, being from two to twelve meters, and its leaves that are surrounded by crowns of thorns make it difficult to access the bunches. The harvesting of oil palm crops involve different risk factors that decrease workers’ safety and physical integrity. For this reason, life insurance, tools and transport costs are usually assumed by the employee. However, the industry depends on various different factors, and so a constant income is not guaranteed. In 2008, the palm oil industry created 140,000 jobs, an increase of 93% from previous years 72% of these jobs were linked to Associated Work Cooperatives (CTA) and Strategic Productive Alliances (APE) while the remaining 28% were contracts for processing and administrative activities. These types of crops necessitate a large workforce to cover as much land as possible and to avoid excessive ripening. In recent years, this plant has gained popularity among farmers because the production of oil per hectare is higher for oil palm than soy or canola, additionally oil palm needs less energy and chemicals to produce more oil than its counterparts.Ĭolombia is the fourth largest producer of raw palm oil, while Latin America is the world’s highest producer of this substance. The oil extracted from this palm is mainly used in the production of cleaning products, high energy fats for consumption, bio-fuels and vegetable and animal food, it is estimated that palm oil is used to make 10% of dairy based products.
Although the tree continues to produce bunches beyond this service, the palm is cut down because its height impedes access to the fruit. Oil palm is a perennial tree that produces between three and four fresh fruit bunches weighing between 20 and 25 kg each harvest season, which takes place roughly three times per year during its 25 year life service. Palabras clave: biomecánica agricultura campesinos dolor lumbar simulación humana ergonomía
Los estudios futuros deberían comparar ambas herramientas en términos de productividad, pero conservando las características ergonómicas. Este nuevo diseño consta de un punto de apoyo, en donde la herramienta descansa y por tanto, solo se debe dar dirección al corte. Asimismo, el estudió muestra que se disminuyó las demandas articulares, en la espalda y codo hasta en un 100%, es decir, que durante la actividad con el nuevo sistema diseñado, el agricultor mantiene una postura de espalda neutral. El estudio encontró una reducción del 95.97% en la compresión intradiscal (L4/L5) durante la actividad de corte. Este trabajo compara el estrés de la espalda baja durante el corte de racimos, entre la herramienta convencional y un nuevo sistema de corte, a partir de un análisis biomecánico utilizando Jack Siemens. En los cultivos de aceite de palma se presentan diferentes factores de riesgo que disminuyen la seguridad y la integridad física de los trabajadores.
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